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Distributed generation by energy from waste technology: A life cycle perspective |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London WC1E 7JE, UK;2. Centre for Environmental Strategy, The University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK;3. DIMA, Sapienza Università di Roma, via Eudossiana 8, 00184 Roma, Italy;1. Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;2. Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;3. Natural Resources Canada/CanmetENERGY, 1615 Lionel-Boulet Blvd., P.O. Box 4800, Varennes, QC J3X 1S6, Canada;4. Department of Soil Sciences and Agri-Food Engineering, Université Laval, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada;1. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, Chemical Engineering Department, BR 465, km 7, CEP 23890-000 Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Escola de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;1. Center for Process Design, Safety and Loss Prevention (CPSL), Chemical and Petroleum Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran;2. Centre for Economics and Corporate Sustainability, KULeuven, Campus Brussels, 1000 Brussels, Belgium;3. Safety and Security Science Group, Faculty TBM, TU Delft, Jaffalaan 5, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands |
| Abstract: | Municipal Solid Waste in general and its organic fraction in particular is a potential renewable and non-seasonal resource. In this work, a life cycle assessment has been performed to evaluate the environmental impacts of two future scenarios using biogas produced from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) to supply energy to a group of dwellings, respectively comprising distributed generation using solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) micro-CHP systems and condensing boilers. The London Borough of Greenwich is taken as the reference case study. The system is designed to assess how much energy demand can be met and what is the best way to use the digestible waste for distributed energy purposes.The system is compared with two alternative scenarios fuelled by natural gas: a reference scenario, where the electricity is supplied by the grid and the heat is supplied from condensing boilers, and a fuel cell micro-CHP system. The results show that, although OFMSW alone can only supply between 1% and 4% of the total energy demand of the Borough, a saving of ∼130 tonnes of CO2 eq per year per dwelling equipped with micro-CHP is still achievable compared with the reference scenario. This is primarily due to the surplus electricity produced by the fuel cell when the micro-CHP unit is operated to meet the heat demand. Use of biogas to produce heat only is therefore a less desirable option compared with combined heat and power production. Further investigation is required to identify locally available feedstock other than OFMSW in order to increase the proportion of energy demand that can be met in this way. |
| Keywords: | Biogas Distributed generation SOFC LCA OFMSW Micro-CHP AD"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0040"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"anaerobic digestion AP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0050"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"acidification potential CHP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0060"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"combined heat and power DG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0070"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"distributed generation EU"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0080"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"European Union GHG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0090"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"greenhouse gas GWP"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0100"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"global warming potential LCA"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0110"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"life cycle assessment LPG"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0120"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"liquid petroleum gas MSW"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0130"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Municipal Solid Waste Mtoe"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0140"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"millions of tonnes of oil equivalent OFMSW"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0150"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste PEMFC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0160"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"polymeric electrolyte membrane fuel cell RHI"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0170"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"renewable heat incentive SOFC"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0180"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"solid oxide fuel cell TS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0190"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"total solid VS"} {"#name":"keyword" "$":{"id":"kw0200"} "$$":[{"#name":"text" "_":"volatile solid |
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