Deflagration to detonation transition in a vapour cloud explosion in open but congested space: Large scale test |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Infrastructural Monitoring and Protection, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University, Kent St, Bentley WA 6102, Australia;2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Chile, Blanco Encalada 2002, Santiago, Chile;3. State Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention & Mitigation of Explosion & Impact, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210007, China;1. Department of Safety, Health and Environmental Engineering, National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, Yenchau, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, ROC;2. Chemically Speaking LLC, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA;1. National Center for Scientific Research Demokritos, Environmental Research Laboratory, Agia Paraskevi 15310, Greece;2. National Technical University of Athens, School of Chemical Engineering, Heroon Polytechniou 9, Zografou 15780, Greece;3. Texas A&M University at Qatar, Department of Chemical Engineering, Doha, Qatar;1. Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan;2. Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Japan;3. Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan;1. School of Electromechanical Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Faculty of Technology, Policy and Management, Safety and Security Science Group (S3G), TU Delft, 2628 BX Delft, The Netherlands;3. Faculty of Applied Economics, Antwerp Research Group on Safety and Security (ARGoSS), Universiteit Antwerpen, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;4. CEDON, KULeuven, 1000 Brussels, Belgium |
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| Abstract: | The paper reviews large scale experiments with various fuels in air where successful deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) took place. This includes a recent experiment disclosed in the Buncefield R&D program, where DDT developed in the propane/air mixture. The DDT occurred in branches of deciduous trees in a premixed stagnant mixture. An internal R&D investigation programme was initiated to better understand the phenomena. A large scale experiment in an open space with ethane air mixture is presented in the paper. The premixed mixture was ignited at the edge of the congested three-dimensional rigs which consisted of vertical and horizontal pipes. After ignition, the flame accelerated in the congestion and transitioned to detonation at the end of congestion. Stable detonation propagated through the remaining open and uncongested space.The flame acceleration process leading to DDT is scale dependent. It also depends on many parameters leading to a large investigation array and, significant cost. However, such R&D efforts aimed toward a safer plant design, i.e. the prevention of occurrence of a major accident, are a small fraction of a real accident cost. |
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| Keywords: | Vapour cloud explosion Flame acceleration Deflagration to detonation transition DDT Large scale experiments |
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