Submesoscale distribution of Antarctic krill and its avian and pinniped predators before and after a near gale |
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Authors: | Joseph D Warren Jarrod A Santora and David A Demer |
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Institution: | (1) School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11974, USA;(2) Biology Department, College of Staten Island, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314, USA;(3) Southwest Fisheries Science Center, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA |
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Abstract: | We conducted two ship-based surveys of the nearshore ecosystem north of Livingston Island, Antarctica during 2–10 February
2005. Between the two surveys, a low-pressure system (963 mbar) passed through the area providing the opportunity to measure
ecosystem parameters before and after a near gale. A ship-based multiple-frequency acoustic-backscatter survey was used to
assess the distribution and relative abundance of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). Net tows, hydrographic profiles, and meteorological data were collected to measure biological and physical processes that
might affect the krill population. During the survey, the distribution and behavior of several krill predators chinstrap
penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica), cape petrels (Daption capense), and Antarctic fur seals (Arctocephalus gazella)] were measured from the vessel by visual observations. The survey encompassed an area of roughly 2,500 km2, containing two submarine canyons with one to the west and one to the east of Cape Shirreff, which had different abundances
of krill and predators. Several aspects of the nearshore ecosystem changed after the near gale including: hydrography of the
upper 100 m of the water column, phytoplankton biomass, the abundance and distribution of krill, and the distribution of some
krill predators. Differences in these parameters were also measured between the two canyons. These changes in the physical
and biological environment during the survey period are quantified and show that the ecosystem exhibited significant changes
over relatively short spatial (tens of kilometers) and time (tens of hours) scales. |
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