长江流域水质型缺水态势及节水思路初探

水质型缺水是长江流域的主要缺水类型之一。通过研究认为，长江流域以河流、湖泊和水库为水源的水质型缺水主要是由于污水排放引起，以地下水为水源的水质型缺水主要是农药、化肥其残留物、各种垃圾废弃物的渗滤液、以及海水和苦咸水侵入造成，因此，水质型缺水地区节水的实质是保护现有水资源，防止水污染。通过对长江流域水质型缺水地区农业、工业和生活节水存在问题以及节水难点的分析，认为，长江流域水质型缺水地区农业节水潜力巨大，工业节水和生活节水仍有较大的节水空间，农业节水可从提高灌溉水利用系数、推广节水灌溉面积取得突破成果，工业节水可从工业技术改造和技术更新、分质供水及中水利用取得突破成果，生活节水可从降低管网漏失率和大力推广节水器具取得突破性成果。

PILOT STUDY ON WATER SCARCITY SITUATION CAUSED BY POLLUTION AND WATER SAVING THOUGHT IN THE YANGTZE RIVER BASIN

The shortage of water caused by pollution is one of the main water quality-induced water scarcity types in the Yangtze River basin. Based on data analysis,it is considered that in areas where water is supplied by rivers, lakes and reservoirs, water shortage is caused by sewage discharge, and in areas where water is from groundwater, water shortage is caused by the intrusion of pesticides, fertilizers and their residues, various garbage leakage, and intrusion of brackish water and seawater. So water saving in areas shortage of high quality water should emphasize protection of existing water resource and prevent water from pollution. It is also indicated that the agricultural, industrial and living water saving had a huge potential space. Through analyzing the problems and difficulties in water saving in agriculture, industry and everyday life saving, some conclusions can be drawn. Agriculture water saving can be realized through improving irrigated water utilization efficiency and extending water saving irrigation area. Industry water saving can be made through technique alteration and renovation. Living water saving can be made from reducing water leakage of water pipe network and vigorously promoting water-saving devices.