添加炭基材料对蔬菜废物好氧堆肥进程和腐熟度的影响

以蔬菜废弃物辣椒秸秆和树叶为堆肥原料(CK),采用密闭式好氧堆肥工艺,研究了添加5%木本泥炭(T1)、5%活性炭(T2)和10%木本泥炭(T3)等炭基材料对堆肥pH、EC、CO2累积量、物料损失率、T值、C/N和发芽率指数的影响。结果显示,T2处理的pH在60 d后维持在8~9之间;EC值随着堆肥进行呈现先下降后升高再下降的趋势,最终CK、T1、T2和T3处理的EC值(mS/cm)分别降低了1.02、0.76、0.33和0.48;T2和T3处理的CO2累积量一直高于其他处理;所有处理的物料损失率均在20%以上;4个处理堆肥产品的T值分别为0.56、0.65、0.68和0.69;堆肥产品的发芽率指数分别为63.2%、69.3%、93.5%和86.1%。T值和发芽率指数显示T2和T3处理达到了腐熟阶段。结果表明,在蔬菜堆肥处理中添加炭基材料可改善堆肥产品的理化性质,加速堆肥物料的分解,有效地缩短堆肥周期和提高堆肥产品的腐熟度。

Effect of adding carbon-based materials on composting process and maturity of vegetable wastes

Using vegetable wastes and tree leaves as composting materials (CK), the effects of adding 5% (T1) and 10% (T3) of wood peat, and 5% of biochar (T2) on the indexes during composting, i.e. pH, EC, CO2 cumulative amount (CCA), material loss (ML), T value, C/N, and germination index(GI)of compost pile were investigated in the sealed aerobic composting system. The pH changes of treatment T2 maintained between 8 and 9 during 60 days composting. EC value fluctuated with decline trend at initial stage, increasing trend at mid-stage, and then decline again. The final EC values (mS/cm) decreased by 1.02, 0.76, 0.33 and 0.48 in the treatment CK, T1, T2 and T3. The CCA of treatment T2 and T3 were higher than the other treatments during whole composting. The ML of all treatments was more than 20%. After 60 days, the T values GI of treatment CK, T1, T2 and T3 were 0.56,0.65,0.68 and 0.69, respectively. GIs of treatment CK, T1, T2 and T3 were 63.2%, 69.3%, 93.5% and 86.1%, respectively on the end of compost. T value and GI proved T2 and T3 reached maturity stage. The results showed that adding carbon-based material during composting with vegetable residue could improve the physical and chemical properties of the compost product, accelerate the decomposition of organic matter, short the composting time availably and promote the maturity of final compost.