土壤-植物系统中铬的环境行为及其毒性评价

由于铬及其化合物的使用和含铬废弃物的大量排放,空气、土壤、水和食品都不同程度地受到了铬污染.对于铬污染,尤其是与人体健康密切相关的土壤系统铬污染的研究,已成为国内外相关领域的热点.其中铬在土壤-植物系统中的迁移转化规律备受关注.本文详细介绍了铬的基础化学、土壤-植物系统中铬迁移转化的影响因素(土壤理化性质、铬的供给形态、浓度、植物种类等)以及该系统中铬的生态毒性,总结了通过综合分析土壤-植物系统中植物、土壤微生物、土壤动物的生态毒理数据来评估土壤-植物系统中铬生态风险的方法,并指出了这一领域研究工作的不足之处,对今后的研究重点进行了展望.

A Review on the Environmental Behaviors and Toxicity Assessment of Chromium in Soil-plant Systems

As a result of the wide use of chromium (Cr) and its compounds as well as the exposure of the Cr-containing wastes, air, soil, water and food could be polluted by Cr in varying degrees. Cr is a toxic element that occurs in highly variable oxidation states. Accordingly, environmental chromium pollution, especially the soil contamination with Cr, has become one of the focuses of environmental science. In this review, the factors influencing the transport, transformation and the ecotoxicity of chromium were summarized, for example, soil properties (pH, Eh, organic matter, clay minerals), species and concentrations of Cr and the plant species. Based on this, the evaluation methods of chromium ecological risk in the soil-plant systems were covered by taking the comprehensive analysis of eco-toxicological data of plants, soil microorganisms and soil animals in the soil-plant systems. Finally, the possible shortages and prospects of chromium research in this field were discussed.