内河船舶大气污染物排放特征实测研究

为获得内河船舶航行时的大气污染物排放特征,本研究基于船舶尾气测试系统测试了珠三角西江水域内航行的5艘内河船舶,识别了内河船舶气态污染物瞬时排放特征及基于燃油消耗量的排放因子,并探讨了船舶排放的PM_(2.5)化学组分特征及来源.结果表明:船舶在巡航行驶状态下气态污染物的排放浓度变化都较为平稳,货船污染物排放浓度明显高于快艇.CO_2、CO、NO、NO_2、NO_x、SO_2与PM_(2.5)的排放因子范围分别是3135.90～3149.90、3.10～12.03、30.87～41.18、3.90～7.43、36.36～48.61、0.08～5.50、0.32～4.17 g·kg~(-1).内河船舶排放的PM_(2.5)中碳组分、水溶性离子和金属元素的贡献占比分别为43.8%～64.2%、9.7%～39.0%和0.6%～3.4%,其中,有机碳/元素碳(OC/EC)比值范围为0.40～2.69,OC可能受船舶制动影响较大,润滑油损耗是重要来源.

Emission characteristics of gas- and particle- phase pollutants from river vessels in cruising mode

In order to characterize gas- and particle- phase pollutants from river vessels, five cruising ships were measured by using portable emission measurement system in the Xijiang River in the Pearl River Delta. In this study, we identified the instantaneous emission characteristics of gaseous pollutants from inland river ships, evaluated emission factors based on fuel consumption, and discussed the chemical composition and potential causes of PM_2.5. Results showed that gaseous pollutant concentrations during cruising are slightly fluctuant, and emission concentration of cargo ships are significantly higher than that of speedboats. The emission factors for CO₂, CO, NO, NO₂, NO_x, SO₂ and PM_2.5 from river ships were 3135.90~3149.90, 3.10~12.03, 30.87~41.18, 3.90~7.43, 36.36~48.61, 0.08~5.50 and 0.32~4.17 g·kg^-1, respectively. The contribution of carbon components, water-soluble ions, and metal elements in PM_2.5 accounted for 43.8%~64.2%, 9.7%~39.0%, and 0.6%~3.4%, in which the ratio of organic carbon/elemental carbon (OC/EC) ranged from 0.40 to 2.69. It also indicates that OC emission likely comes from lubricant burning, which highly depends on ship braking system.