湖南某铅锌锰冶炼区总悬浮颗粒物重金属来源及健康风险评价

通过监测湖南某典型铅锌锰冶炼区大气总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)和铅锌冶炼企业外排废气中Cd、Cr、As、Ni、Pb、Zn、Cu和Mn的浓度水平,应用富集因子、相关性及主成分分析研究了铅锌冶炼企业外排废气中重金属含量与大气TSP中重金属含量的关系,采用美国环境保护署(USEPA)的人体暴露风险评价模型进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:废气中重金属平均浓度表现为Zn>Cr>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb>Cd>As。其中,致癌物质Cd、Cr、As、Ni的平均质量浓度分别为4.87、27.06、0.09、12.54μg/m^3,非致癌物质Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn的平均质量浓度分别为5.87、17.98、10426.87、23.52μg/m^3。大气TSP中重金属平均浓度表现为Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cr>As>Cd。其中,致癌物质Cd、Cr、As、Ni的平均质量浓度分别为1.07、1.63、1.59、2.00μg/m^3,非致癌物质Pb、Cu、Zn、Mn的平均质量浓度分别为36.30、65.54、189.79、35.03μg/m^3。Zn、Pb、Cu、Ni、Mn可能为同一来源,主要来源于铅锌冶炼企业的外排废气,Cr主要来源于电解锰企业的废渣堆放,Cd主要来源于煤燃烧。大气TSP中致癌物质Cd、Cr、As与Ni的致癌风险基本都高于10-4,说明Cd、Cr、As与Ni存在较大的致癌风险;非致癌物质Pb与Mn的非致癌风险高于1,存在较大的非致癌风险,尤其是Mn。

Source and health risk assessment of heavy metals in the TSP around a Pb-Zn-Mn smelting area in Hunan

Concentration levels of Cd,Cr,As,Ni,Pb,Zn,Cu and Mn in the atomspheric TSP and exhaust gas of a Pb-Zn smelting enterprise were monitored in a typical Pb-Zn-Mn smelting area in Hunan. Enrichment factor,correlation and principal component analysis were used to study the relationship between the content of heavy metal in the exhaust gas and that in the atmospheric TSP. The US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) human exposure risk assessment model was adopted to conduct the health risk assessment. Results showed that mean mass concentrations in exhaust gas were Zn>Cr>Mn>Cu>Ni>Pb >Cd>As,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni 4.87 ,27.06,0.09 and12.54 μg/m3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 5.87,17.98,10 426.87 and23.52 μg/m3,respectively. Mean mass concentrations in atmospheric TSP were Zn>Cu>Pb>Mn>Ni>Cr>As> Cd,of which carcinogenic Cd,Cr,As and Ni1.07,1.63,1.59 and2.00 μg/m3,respectively,and non-carcinogenic Pb,Cu,Zn and Mn 36.30,65.54,189.79 and 35.03 μg/m3,respectively. Zn,Pb,Cu,Ni and Mn might have a same source of Pb-Zn smelting enterprise exhaust gas. Cr might be originated from electrolytic manganese enterprise residue stack. Cd might relate to coal combustion. The carcinogenic risks of Cd,Cr,As and Ni in atmospheric TSP were almost all greater than10 -4 ,which suggested a heavy carcinogenic risk. The non- carcinogenic risks of Pb and Mn were greater than1,indicating a heavy non-carcinogenic risk,especially Mn.