某铁路隧道作业场所职业危害风险控制效果评价

为了解铁路隧道作业场所职业病危害特征,评估其职业病危害风险控制效果,采用现场调查与职业病危害因素检测相结合的方法,对某铁路隧道作业场所职业病危害特征进行调查,采用职业病危害风险指数评估模型进行控制效果评估。结果表明,该铁路隧道作业场所职业危害因素主要包括生产过程中职业病危害、劳动过程中危害和生产环境中危害;主要职业病危害因素为电焊烟尘、矽尘、NO、NO2、CO、CO2、噪声、振动、高湿等;隧道内工务、电务、供电三大线路作业场所的线路维护人员接触的噪声均为轻中度危害,氮氧化物(NO、NO2)为轻度危害,接触的CO为中高度危害,线路维护人员矽尘作业岗位为轻中高度危害,易导致职业病损的发生。提出应重点监控该铁路隧道接触噪声、CO和矽尘的作业岗位,采取科学综合防控措施,改善作业环境质量,强化个人防护。

Evaluation on Control Effect of Occupational Hazard Risk in A Railway Tunnel Workplace

In order to understand the characteristics of occupational hazards in railway tunnel workplaces and evaluate the control effect of occupational hazards risks, the characteristics of occupational hazards in a railway tunnel workplace were investigated by combining on-site investigation and detection of occupational hazards factors, and the control effect was evaluated by using the occupational hazards risk index evaluation model. The results show that the occupational hazards in the railway tunnel workplace mainly include occupational hazards in the production process, hazards in the labor process and hazards in the production environment. The main occupational hazards are welding dust, silica dust, NO, NO2, CO, CO2,noise, vibration, high humidity, etc. The noise exposed by the line maintenance personnel in the tunnel is of light to moderate harm, the nitrogen oxide(NO,NO2) is of light harm, the exposed CO is of medium to high harm, and the silica dust operation post of the line maintenance personnel is of light to medium high harm, which is easy to cause occupational disease damage.It is proposed that the working posts exposed to noise, CO and silica dust in the railway tunnel should be monitored,scientific and comprehensive prevention and control measures should be taken to improve the quality of the working environment and strengthen personal protection.