累积影响评价:中国内地与香港的问题与实践探讨

将过去、现在和将来的其它活动包括在建议活动的评价范围 ,是累积影响评价区别于传统EIA的重要特征和关键环节 ,也是EIA进一步发展完善的重要趋势 .从法规要求、文本格式、时空范围、重点内容、减缓措施等方面 ,分析了内地和香港在环评实践过程中对累积影响的考虑状况及存在问题 .建议制定累积影响评价的技术方法导则 ,以法规的形式明确提出在项目、区域及策略环评中增加累积影响评价的内容 ,累积影响应在环评报告的摘要、目录及结论中专门列出 ,对累积影响时空范围的界定及重要性的判断应专门提供支持依据 ,评价的重点应较多地关注生态完整性、社会经济影响及全球性环境影响等 ,以更有效地预防累积环境影响问题 .

Cumulative Impact Assessment:Problems and Practice in China Mainland and Hong Kong

Including past,present and future impacts in environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the proposed action,it is the important property of cumulative impact assessment (CIA) that different from traditional EIA.It is also the main trend of EIA improvement.From the area of regulation demands,documentation practice,spatial and temporal boundary,key contents and mitigation measures,this paper analyses the status of CIA both of China Mainland and Hongkong in the practice of EIA.The author suggested that technical guidelines for cumulative effects assessment should be set up in China Mainland and Hongkong,CIA should be included in project,region and strategy environment assessment and cumulative impacts should be list clearly in EIA study executive summary and reported in a separate part of the environmental consequences section.Spatial and temporal boundaries and any cumulative impacts addressed within the CIA process should be provided evidence or analysis to support the conclusion.In order to prevent cumulative effects effectively,the focus on CIA should be put on biodiversity,social and economic impacts and global environmental effects.