建筑施工安全隐患的分类与分级研究

研究建筑施工过程安全隐患的分类与分级方法,对促进建筑施工安全隐患排查管理行动,提升安全生产绩效具有重大的理论和现实意义。为此,本文基于建筑施工安全生产的本质安全性理论与事故致因原理,建立了隐患演变为事故类型的关系模型;基于系统性、科学性、层次性和预防性原则,将建筑施工安全隐患分为结构类、功能类、流程类、防护类、环境类和行为类6大类;基于风险评估方法,建立了隐患演化为事故的可能性的隐患特征系数和严重性的隐患类别评估LC方法,将施工安全隐患分为特别重大隐患、重大隐患、较大隐患和一般隐患4级,便于与生产安全事故管理的协调,彰显“隐患就是事故”的观念。研究成果在多个工程的数十项危大工程进行施工安全隐患排查评估实践,据此,文章最后给出了典型的施工安全隐患排查评估案例。

Research of Kinds and Classifications of Safe Hazards for Building Construction

It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the kinds and classifications of safety hazards in the construction process for promoting the management action of the screening of safety hazards in construction and improving the safety production performance. Therefore, on the inherent safety and accident causation theory for building construction, the relationship model of safe hazard evolving into accident type is established. Based on systematic, scientific, hierarchical and preventive principles, safe hazards are divided into six major categories, including structural, functional, process, protection, behavior and environment etc. Characteristic coefficient of safe hazard for possibility of hazards evolving into potential accidents and kind coefficient of safe hazards for severity of potential hazards evolving of hazards evolving into potential accidents are evaluated by LC method of risk management, then the construction safety hazards are divided into four levels, namely, especially significant hazards, serious ones, major ones and general ones, which is convenient to coordinate with the management of production safety accidents and highlights the concept that “safety hazard is accident”. The research results have been applied to the investigation and evaluation of construction safety hazards in dozens of dangerous and large projects. At last, the paper presents a typical case of screening and evaluating construction safety hazards.