海南东部河流、河口及近岸水域颗粒态重金属的分布及污染状况

2008年7月对海南万泉河、文昌/文教河河口及东部近岸悬浮颗粒态金属的分布进行调查,采用ICP-AES测定Al、Fe、Mn、Cr、Cu、Ni、V、Zn的含量,探讨颗粒态重金属的组成及其影响因素,初步分析了海南岛东部河流的污染状况.结果表明,受颗粒物粒径影响,河口区颗粒态金属浓度先随盐度升高而后逐渐降低,至东部近岸含量略有升高;以Al为校正因子归一化消除颗粒粒径影响后,重金属浓度在万泉河河流/河口分布均匀,而在文昌/文教河河流/河口有较大变化.富集因子计算结果显示,万泉河重金属污染较轻,而文昌/文教河Cr、Ni相对富集,污染严重.在影响颗粒态重金属组成的因素中,颗粒物的来源占主导地位,同时也受水体氧化还原环境及污水排放、生物活动的影响.

Distributions and Pollution Status of Heavy Metals in the Suspended Particles of the Estuaries and Coastal Area of Eastern Hainan

The distributions and pollution status of heavy metals in the suspended particles were investigated in the Wanquan and Wenchang/Wenjiao estuaries and the coastal area of eastern Hainan in July 2008. The concentrations of metal elements (Al, Fe, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, V, Zn) were determined by ICP-AES after microwave digestion. Multivariate statistical methods (e. g. correlation analysis and principal factor analysis) were used to discuss the major factors controlling the variability of heavy metal concentrations and the pollution status in those areas. There was an obvious variability in particulate metal concentrations from upstream to estuary of both rivers. The concentrations first increased with increasing salinity and then decreased with further increase of the salinity; the concentrations were slightly higher at the coastal area in the east. The variability of particulate metal concentrations reduced significantly after the normalization by Al, indicating the effects of grain size. Enrichment factor calculation results showed that there was heavy metal pollution (especially Cu, Ni) in the Wenchang/Wenjiao River and estuary, while the situation in Wanquan River remained at pristine level. Concentrations of particulate metals in the study area were mainly controlled by source geology and provenance, as well as contamination from the discharge of waste water and biological activity.