Use of adjuvants to minimize leaching of herbicides in soil |
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Authors: | Ashok K Alva Megh Singh |
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Institution: | (1) IFAS, Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, 700 Experiment Station Road, 33850 Lake Alfred, Florida, USA |
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Abstract: | Excessive leaching of herbicides affects their efficacy against target weeds and results in contamination of groundwater.
Use of adjuvants that can weakly bind herbicides and in turn release them slowly is a valuable technique to prolong the efficacy
of herbicides and to minimize their leaching into groundwater. Effects of activated charcoal, three humic substances (Enersol
SP 85%, Enersol 12%, and Agroliz), or a synthetic polymer (Hydrosorb) on the leaching of bromacil, dicamba, and simazine were
investigated in leaching columns using a Candler fine sand (Typic Quartzipsamment). The addition of adjuvants had no harmful
effects on physical properties of the soil as evident from lack of its affects on water percolation. When no adjuvants were
used, 69%, 37%, and 4% of applied dicamba, bromacil, and simazine, respectively, were leached in the first pore volume of
leachate (⋍3.2 cm rainfall). With five pore volumes of leachate (⋍16 cm rainfall), bromacil and dicamba were leached completely
and only 80% of simazine was leached. Using Enersol 12% adjuvant resulted in a 13%–18% reduction in leaching of dicamba and
bromacil in five pore volumes of leachate. The leaching of simazine was significantly decreased when any of the five adjuvants
mentioned above were used. However, the decrease in leaching was significantly greater when using Enersol SP 85% or Enersol
12% (24%–28%) than when using the other adjuvants (12%–16%). |
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Keywords: | Activated charcoal Bromacil Dicamba Groundwater quality Humic acid Simazine |
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