青海省草地畜牧业可持续发展战略与对策

青海省有可利用草地3161×104hm₂,是我国五大牧区之一。在长期传统游牧畜牧业经营方式下 ,对草地缺乏有效的保护和科学的管理 ,片面追求牲畜存栏数 ,超载过牧现象普遍存在 ,导致草地退化问题严重 ,生态环境破坏 ,自然灾害频繁 ,畜牧业经济效益低下。在这样的基础上实施草地畜牧业可持续发展战略 ,需要执行科技兴牧 ,教育先行 ;强化畜牧业生产基础 ,经济效益和生态效益并重 ;大力促进畜牧业产业化 ,走商品化生产发展道路的方针。推行高效集约化经营的畜牧业生产模式 ,发展具有高原特色 ,具有市场竞争力的特色畜产品生产 ,在实现畜牧业向高效益产业转变的基础上顺利地实施生态环境治理和草地资源保护 ,从而达到畜牧业可持续发展的目的。

Strategy and countermeasure for sustainable development of animal husbandry in Qinghai

Qinghai Province is one of the largest 5 stockbreeding districts in China,there are 3161×104 ha of grassland that can be used in the province.Under long term traditional nomadic system,grasslands have been poorly and inadequately protected and managed.To increase animal number,over grazing has become a common phenomenon,leading to serious degeneration of grassland,deterioration of eco environ ment,frequent occurrence of natural disaster,and the lower economical benefit.Actualizing the strategy of sustainable development of animal husbandry on this kind of basis,the policy of prospering animal husbandry taking advantages of science,technology and education was needed.It is also necessary to intensify the production bases of animal husbandry,gain ecologic and economic benefits simultaneously,promote industrialization of animal husbandry and develop commercialized production.In order to realize sustainable development of animal husbandry,the following measures should be taken,including introduction of high efficiency,intensive production system of animal husbandry,developing animal products with plateau features and market competitiveness,bring eco environment under control and the grassland resource protected on the basis that animal husbandry becomes a high benefit production system.