驾驶中使用手机对驾驶员行为安全绩效影响综述

驾驶中使用手机与交通事故之间存在着高度相关性。为揭示使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,探索影响驾驶安全的理论机制,采取更有效的干预措施,结合近10 a来相关研究,综述了与驾驶安全密切相关的驾驶分心问题,主要包括:驾驶员分心的定义及其分类;使用手机对驾驶行为安全绩效的影响,如反应时(RT)、行车速度、路线保持和跟车距离;手机使用对驾驶员分心影响的理论机制,如信息加工理论和计划行为理论(TPB)。分析表明,使用手机会导致驾驶员的反应时延长15%～40%,驾驶路线发生明显偏移,对于行车速度减缓和跟车距离延长的假设需结合驾驶员主客观数据进行比较做进一步验证;驾驶过程中使用手机会增加驾驶员的认知负荷,TPB能够对使用手机行为进行有效的解释和预测,但对该理论中基于信念测量的研究还很少;除手机操作任务,影响驾驶员分心的其他操作任务还需做进一步的研究。

A Review: Effects of Cell Phone Use on Driving Performance

Cell phone use while driving had an high correlation with crash involvement and decreased driving performance.In order to reveal the influence of using cell phone on driving behavior safety performance and explore the theoretical mechanism affecting driving safety,take more effective prevention measures,related studies were reviewed for nearly 10 years,distracted driving,a problem related closely with driving safety,was summarized.Topics,such as the definition and classification of driver distraction;the impact on driver performance due to cell phone use while driving,such as reaction time,travel speed,lateral position and following distance;the internal mechanism about the information processing theory and the planned behavior theory of driver distraction,were discussed.Research showed that using cell phone could lead to a increase of 15%-40% in the reaction time,impair lane-keeping,but further researches need to do about slow vehicle speed and long headway based on comparing subjective and objective data of driver;the increasing demand for information processing during a dual task elicited decreased information processing capacity;planned behavior theory could effectively predict this unsafe behavior,however,few research focused on belief measurement of theory;in addition to cell phone use while driving,other tasks that may have distracted effect on driver still need to be further researched.