半干旱黄土丘陵区土壤结皮的地表水文效应

黄土高原广泛分布的土壤结皮对地表水文过程有重要影响.以定西黄土丘陵区安家沟小流域内的土壤结皮为研究对象,基于野外采样和水文模拟实验等技术,探讨不同土壤结皮类型对地表水文过程的影响.结果表明:①与裸地相比,有结皮覆盖的地表土壤容重较小,土壤持水能力显著增强,其增加幅度为裸地的1.4～1.9倍;②土壤结皮可有效拦截降雨,以苔藓结皮的拦截能力最强,其次为混生结皮和地衣结皮,无结皮覆盖的裸地抵御降雨冲击的能力最差;③模拟实验显示,土壤结皮能在一定程度上增加水分入渗速率及总入渗量.有结皮覆盖的平均地表入渗速率是裸地的近2倍,而其累计入渗总量也远远高于裸地.

Effects of Soil Crusts on Surface Hydrology in the Semiarid Loess Hilly Area

Soil crusts are distributed extensively in the Chinese Loess Plateau and play key roles in surface hydrological processes. In this study, a typical loess hilly region in Anjiagou catchment, Dingxi city, Gansu province was selected as the study region, and soil crusts in the catchment were investigated. Then, the hydrological effect of soil crusts was studied by using multi-sampling and hydrological monitoring experiments. Several key results were shown as follows. Firstly, compared with bared soil without crust cover, soil crusts can greatly reduce the bulk density, improve the porosity of soil, and raise the holding capacity of soil moisture which ranges from 1.4 to 1.9 times of that of bared soil. Secondly, the role of soil crust on rainfall interception was very significant. Moss crust was found to be strongest on rainfall interception, followed by synantectic crusts and lichen crusts. Bared soil without covering crusts was poorest in resisting rainfall splash. Thirdly, hydrological simulation experiments indicate that soil crusts play a certain positive role in promoting the water infiltration capacity, and the mean infiltration rate of the crusted soil was 2 times higher than that of the no-crust covered soils. While the accumulated infiltrated water amounts was also far higher than that of the bared soil.