采煤工作面粉尘状况与防尘工作重点

本文介绍了近几年来对我国部分煤矿采煤工作面粉尘状况的调查,测试和煤矿粉尘粒度分布分析结果。通过测试分析证明,不同煤种的煤被外部能量破碎时,它的产尘量、产生的粉尘的粒度分布及粉尘中呼吸性粉尘含量不同;各种煤直接破碎产生的粉尘和矿井空气的浮游粉尘的粒度分布均符合罗辛——拉姆勒(Rosin——Rammlar)分布规律;采用一般常规防尘措施(如煤体注水、洒水、喷雾降尘等),对粒度较粗的粉尘有一定降尘效果,可改善粉尘作业环境,而对工人身体健康影响较大的呼吸性粉尘降尘效果不显著,造成矿井浮游粉尘中呼吸性粉尘含量增加。为此,今后防尘工作重点应加强对呼吸性粉尘控制技术的研究,推广、应用对呼吸性粉尘除尘效率高的防尘措施,大幅度降低矿井中呼吸性粉尘.使煤矿尘肺病发病率有较大降低。

BUG DUST STATE IN WORKING FACE OF COAL EXCAVATION AND THE FOCAL POINT OF DUSTPROOF

This text introduces the results of investigation and test of bug dust state of working face of coal excavatiog of late years in parts of coal mines in China. The analysis Demostrates that there is different quantity of bug dust, different distribution of bug dust grain size and different content of respirable bug dust when different coal is crashed by external energy; the grain size distribution of all kinds of bug dust produced by direct fragment of cola and grain size of floating bug dust in the air of mine tallies with Rosin — Rammlar Distribution Law; conventional dustproofmeasures(e. g. dustproof water flooding, water sprinkling and water spraying ect.)have definite dustproof effect for the bug dust of bigger grain size, and dusty operation circumstance can be improved, but the dustproof effect for respirable dust which affects workers' health greatly is mot obvious. The content of respirable dust in floating dust in mine is increased by such measures. Therefore,in the future,the focal point of dustproof work should be the research of control technology of respirable bug dust,and the high effective dust removal measure for repirable bug dust shall be applied and spreaded to lower greatly respirable dust in shaft and the attack of pulmonary tuberculosis caused bby mine dust.