火灾风险评估相关概念辨析

对易于混淆的火灾风险评估相关概念进行辨析,界定一些概念的内涵和外延。根据防灭火涉及的不同因素,提出了火灾风险源、狭义火灾风险和广义火灾风险的概念。从3个层次上对火灾危险、火灾危险性和火灾风险进行阐释。分析结果表明,有关概念外形和语义上的相似性,不利于火灾风险评估的推广与普及,现行术语需要及时进行修订和统一;在危险源概念从理论向实践传播存在困难的情况下,采用由实践需要向理论提升而创新的风险源概念,有利于扩大火灾风险评估的适用性;从3个层次对火灾危险、火灾危险性和火灾风险进行界定,可促进对火灾风险评估的理解;狭义火灾风险与广义火灾风险概念的提出,可以为根据火灾风险评估的目标对象所处的不同阶段,选择使用不同的评估方法提供有益的参考。

Discussion on the Difference and Similarity of Some Terms Related to Fire Risk Assessment

Difference and similarity of some confusable terms related to fire risk assessment are discussed,after which their meaning and scope is defined.Fire risk source,narrow fire risk and generalized fire risk are put forwarded according to different factors of fire protection.Fire hazard,fire severity and fire risk are explained through three aspects.Analysis result shows that 1)some existing terms related to fire risk assessment need to be revised because of their similarity in semantics and form in Chinese;2)it should be more applicable if confine fire hazard source to just those factors that result in burning and define fire risk source as a term including any unsafe factor that may cause fire;3)it is easier to understand if fire hazard,fire severity and fire risk are explained through three aspects;4)the introduction of fire risk source,narrow fire risk and generalized fire risk can be useful in selecting different fire assessment method.