我国化肥施用量及其可能污染的时空分布特征

近年来，随着化肥施用量的增加，由化肥污染所引起的环境问题逐渐被人们所认识。文章利用我国各省历年主要农作物播种面积和化肥用量资料，提出了化肥施用量评价指数。我国总的化肥施用量没有超过适宜施用量；氮肥实际施用量基本接近于适宜施用量，而磷肥、钾肥的实际施用量严重不足。但对全国各省情况的研究表明，东部地区的氮肥施用量普遍超过或接近于适宜施用量，而中西部地区的氮肥施用量普遍小于适宜施用量；各省磷肥和钾肥的施用量普遍严重不足。因此，应降低东部的氮肥用量以减少污染，同时增加中西部的氮肥施用量。全国各省均应增加磷、钾肥施用量，调整氮、磷、钾肥的比例，有计划地安排我国氮、磷、钾肥的施用量及合理比例，从化肥污染的源头减少化肥污染。

Time and spatial distribution character of fertilizer consumption and potential pollution in China

With the increasing of chemical fertilizer consumption, it has been gradually realized that overmuch input of fertilizer can lead to environment pollution in recent years. In this paper, the fertilizer consumption evaluation system is set up by use of data of sown areas of main crops and consumption of fertilizer in every province. By analysis of total chemical fertilizer consumption, it is under the proper fertilizer consumption. The input of N fertilizer is basically close to the N fertilizer demand. The input of P and K fertilizers are largely short. The results show: the input of N fertilizer was more than or close to the N fertilizer demand in eastern regions, but much less than that in middle and western regions. The input of P and K fertilizer was very short in every province. So the N fertilizer input should be decreased in eastern regions, but increased in middle and western regions. The input of P and K fertilizers should be increased in every province. In order to reduce the fertilizer pollution from the headstream, the ratios of NPK fertilizers should be adjusted and a good plan should be carried out.