北江表层沉积物中多环芳烃的分布与风险评价

采用GC/MS定量检出北江干流表层沉积物中16种优控PAHs的总量范围在38.2~6 470 ng.g-1(干重)之间,平均值为1 071 ng.g-1,在珠江水系河流中属中等污染水平,干流沉积物中PAHs含量分布明显受点源排放的影响,含量最高的站位是韶冶排放口和沙口镇,∑PAHs含量分别为6 470 ng.g-1和4 470 ng.g-1,可能与当地的冶炼与矿业相关行业的PAHs输入有关.利用沉积物质量基准法(SQGs)、沉积物质量标准法和污染因子法分别对北江沉积物中多环芳烃的风险评价表明,在30个采样站位中有17个站位,即半数以上采样站位负面生物毒性效应会偶尔发生,风险主要来源于低环的多环芳烃;与背景区相比,20个采样站位的污染程度达到非常高的水平,所在区域多环芳烃污染状况应引起相关部门的关注;韶关冶炼厂排放口和沙口镇2个采样站位∑PAHs含量介于PEL和FEL之间,对水生生物毒性效应较高.未来应重点研究高风险区域底栖生物的受损状况、污染物来源与途径,以及污染控制对策.

Content Analysis and Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Surface Sediments from Beijiang River, China

In the present study, 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the surface sediment from Beijiang River in China were quantitatively determined by GC/MS. The concentration of PAHs varied from 38.2 to 6 470 ng·g~(-1) dry weight, with average 1 071 ng·g~(-1) ,which was in moderate level compared with other rivers in Pear River Basin. The PAHs distribution in Bejiang River was obviously affected by point source emissions. The high PAHs concentrations of 6 470 ng·g~(-1) and 4 470 ng·g~(-1) were found at the outfalls of Shaoye and the Shakou town, respectively, where PAHs probably derived from local mining/smelting and related industrial actives. The ecological risk of surface sediment in Beijiang River was assessed with the methods of sediment quality guidelines (SQGs), sediment quality standards (SQSs) and contamination factors (CFs) . The result shows that the adverse biological toxicity effect might occasionally happen in more than half of sampling stations. By comparison with the background area, the contamination degrees of PAHs in 20 sampling stations were at very high level, which should arrest the local governments' attentions. The highest ecological risk areas occurred at the outfalls of Shaoye and the Shakou town in which the ecological risks derived from PAHs were within between probable effect level (PEL) and frequent effect level (FEL) . The future research was suggested mainly focusing on the status of benthos, sources of pollutants and ways to control pollution in high-risk areas.