BTX measurements in a medium-sized European city |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological applications and technologies, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece;2. Department of Physics, Laboratory of Meteorology, University of Ioannina, GR-45110, Ioannina, Greece;1. Department of Chemistry, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China;2. Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China;1. College of Science and Technology, Nihon University, 1-18-14 Kanda Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-8308, Japan;2. National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Photovoltaic Materials Group, Sengen 1-2-1, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan;3. Department of Engineering Science, Faculty of Informatics and Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan;4. Cornea Research Chair, Optometry Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11433, Saudi Arabia;1. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt;2. Physics Department, Faculty of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa 31982, P.O. 400, Saudi Arabia;3. Physics Department, Faculty of Education, Aden University, Lodar, Yemen;1. Institute of Environmental Engineering, ETH Zurich, Stefano-Franscini-Platz 3, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;2. Advanced Analytical Technologies, Empa, Ueberlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland;3. Particle Technology Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, 111 Church St., S.E., Minneapolis 55455, USA |
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| Abstract: | The BTX levels are significantly high compared to the EU directive for benzene in European cities with population around or higher one million. Since there are hundreds of towns in Europe with smaller population, it is important to know the levels of aromatics in these areas.This work presents the results of a benzene, toluene and xylene (BTX) measurement campaign that took place in Ioannina, a medium-sized Greek city. As a result of traffic situation and the local meteorological conditions, pollution levels in Ioannina are unusually high, at least for a city of that size. BTX levels were measured using passive samplers placed at several points around the city, as well as across a selected street canyon using both passive and active samplers, combined with simultaneous measurements of traffic flow and wind speed. The measurement procedure was repeated in an exact manner for all four seasons and the results suggest that benzene levels, at all sampling points, exceed the limit set by EU Directive 2000/69. Benzene levels appear correlated to traffic density, while benzene/toluene/xylene ratios present a seasonal variation linked to meteorological conditions. |
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