水中汞监测存在的问题与解决办法

利用中日合作 (JICA)项目资金 ,对测定地表水中汞存在的主要问题 ,如水样的保存和处理 ,水样的消解 ,测汞的冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法等进行了研究。通过对 33个环境监测站的样品考核 ,发现测定结果与标准值相比 ,偏高的数据达 75 %以上。提出了用 1%H2 SO4 和 0 1%K2 Cr2 O7保存水样最好 ;高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解法适用于消解含有机物、悬浮物和组成复杂的废水样 ,高锰酸钾 -硫酸消解法适用于消解被有机物轻度污染的废水 ,溴酸钾 -溴化钾消解法适用于消解地表水和含较少有机物的生活污水及工业废水。研究表明 :尤以硫酸 -高锰酸钾 -过硫酸钾消解体系消解地表水和废水效果良好。对冷原子吸收法和原子荧光法中影响汞测定的因素 ,如空白值高、干扰物的消除、载气种类和流量、反应瓶体积和气液比以及反应时间等提出了详尽的解决方法

Issues On Monitoring of Hgin Water and Solution Methods

Issues on the determination of Hg in surface water was discussed, such as the maintenance and treatment of water samples, digestion of water samples, cold vapour atomic absorption method and atomic fluorimetric analysis of Hg etc. In the examination of samples in 33 environmental monitoring stations, 75% of determination results were higher than the standard data. It suggested that it was best to maintain water sample with 1%H 2SO 4 and 0 1%K 2Cr 2O 7, potassium permanganate potassium persulfate method was suitable for digestion of wastewater samples of organic materials, suspended materials and material with complex component, potassium permanganate sulfate method was suitable for digestion of low polluted wastewater samples, potassium bromate potassium bromide method was suitable for surface water, domestic wastewater with less organic materials and industrial wastewater. Research indicated that sulfatepotassium permanganae potassium persulfate method was especially suitable for digestion of surface water and wastewater. For the influencing factors of determination using cold vapour atomic absorption method and atomic fluorimetric analysis method, solution methods was suggested.