垃圾填埋场地下水污染对居民健康的风险评价

调查了某垃圾填埋场地下水和周边居民饮用水中的As、Hg等重金属和挥发酚等有机物的污染状况，运用美国环保局的健康风险计算模型，评估了该垃圾填埋场地下水对周边居民的潜在健康风险。结果表明，各类人群对4种有阈化合物的饮食和皮肤暴露的终身健康危险度在8．2×10^-11～1．3×10^-10之间，均低于可以接受的风险水平10^-6；对As的终身超额健康危险度在3．1×10^-7～4．9×10^-7之间，表明地下水中砷污染对居民潜在的致癌风险不明显。各类人群通过皮肤对Hg、As、Cd和挥发酚的暴露剂量比通过饮水暴露的剂量高0．7倍～14．5倍，皮肤暴露将是地下水影响人体健康并构成潜在风险的重要途径。

Health Risk Assessmentfor Residents Exposureto Underground Water near a LandfillSite

The pollution of heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury and volatile phenols were investigated on the underground water near a landfill site and drinking water. The potential risk assessments of the underground water and drinking water were estimated by US EPA health risk assessment model. The results showed that the lifetime health risks of research subjects through dietary intake and dermal exposure to 4 non-threshold compounds were 8.2 ×10^-11- 1.3 ×10^-10, lower than the acceptable risk level 10 ^-6. Their excess lifetime risk to arsenic was 3.1 ×^-7 -4.9 ×^ -7. It was revealed from this study that the dermal exposure seems to a dominant exposure route for human health risk. The exposure doses of research subjects through cutaneous contact to mercury, arsenic, chromium and volatile phenols were 0.7 - 14.5 times to the doses through dietary intake.