美国核电厂辐射环境监测与信息公开及其借鉴

综述了美国核电厂辐射环境监测管理体系和环境信息公开制度及法制化管理模式,对比分析了我国辐射环境监测与信息发布实际开展情况及存在问题,提出需借鉴美国核管理委员会(NRC,以下简称NRC)的管理经验,进一步完善我国辐射环境监测标准体系,建立辐射环境监测数据公开制度,加强公众参与制度建设,明确核电厂辐射环境监测管理边界等建议。

Operation Practice and the Experiences of the Environmental Radiation Monitoring of Nuclear Power Plant and the Information Disclosure System in the USA

The sophisticated management systems of environmental radiation monitoring of nuclear power plant and the comprehensive information disclosure system were established for a long time by Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in the USA. The managerial experiences are valuable for reference to placate public about the environmental safety issues of the construction and the operation of the nuclear power plant (NPP), especially of the inland NPP. It is suggested that the environmental information disclosure system should be established urgently in the situation of development of nuclear power in China, and special attention should be paid to that of the environmental radiation monitoring of NPP, such as the institutional improvement of standard, the management frame of the dual monitoring mechanism of government and the operating enterprises.