放射性环境监测中探测限附近测量数据的处理

阐述了探测限的基本概念和对探测限附近的数据处理问题.提出探测限的作用是用来评价检测的能力,不宜用于常规计数及报告测量结果;判断限则用于对测量结果在统计上是否与本底有显著差别做出判断,也不宜用来报告测量结果.当样品净计数大于(或等于)判断限时,不管其是否小于探测限,都应当报出其测量值及标准差;当样品净计数小于判断限时,用小于限作为其上置信限报告测量结果;在对同类样品结果平均时,无论样品净计数小于判断限,或大于(或等于)判断限,都应当按其活度实测值(正、负或零)参加平均.

Study on ProcessingM ethod ofData Nearthe Lower Lim its ofDetection for Radiation Environm entalM onitoring

Theprocessing ofdata nearthelowerlim itsofdetection(Ld) forenvironmentalmonitoringwere discussed based on thebasic conceptsofthe Ld. Itputforward thatdifferentfunction ofthe Ld and the critical level(Lc) should be distinguished. The Ldisusedin evaluation ofdetection capability and notused forroutine countingandreporting. The Lcis used to determ ineifa measurementisstatistically differentfrom background, and also notused forreporting. Forroutine counting, ifthe netcount N > Lc, theresultisreported aspositive with thestandard deviation( R s ), itdoesnotmatterif N < Ld; if N Lc, less 2 than level(Lt) iscalculated and reported asupperconfidenceinterva;l ifthe data aretobe averaged, the absoluteactivities( whetherpositive, negative, orzero) should berecorded and averaged, itdoesnotmatterif N Lcor N > Lc.