淮北中湖采煤沉陷区治理前后景观格局变化研究

基于淮北中湖采煤沉陷区2005年、2014年和2018年的遥感影像进行地表景观解译,研究治理前后该区景观格局变化特征及生态效应。结果表明:治理前,该区耕地破碎化加剧、景观优势最大并持续减弱,沉陷积水区水体呈聚集化趋势;治理后,景观基质由耕地变为水体,林地、草地面积显著增加且景观优势上升,人工湖泊水体聚集程度高。区域景观破碎化减弱且中部比西北部破碎化程度低,景观蔓延度较稳定,景观多样性增加,边缘正效应增强,生态环境质量上升。在资源枯竭型矿区城市的生态治理中要合理优化水-陆景观格局,改善生态系统结构,减缓城市发展中的景观破碎化。

Study on Landscape Pattern Changes before and after the Governance in Zhonghu Coal Mining Subsidence Area in Huaibei

This paper analyzed the landscape pattern changes and the ecological effects before and after the governance in Zhonghu coal mining subsidence area in Huaibei based on the interpretation of remote sensing images in 2005,2014 and 2018.The results showed that in this area before the governance,cultivated land fragmented severely,the landscape advantage was the greatest but continued to weaken,water tended to gather in subsidence area,while after the governance,the landscape matrix changed from cultivated land to waters.The area of woodland and grassland significantly enlarged and the landscape advantage increased,the degree of water aggregation in artificial lakes was high.The regional landscape fragmentation weakened,and the degree of fragmentation in the central area was lower than that in the northwest.Besides,the landscape spread degree was stable,the landscape diversity increased,the positive edge effect strengthened,and the ecological environment quality improved.In the governance of resource-exhausted mining areas,it was necessary to rationally optimize the water-land landscape pattern,improve the ecosystem structure,and reduce the landscape fragmentation in urban development.