关于建立健全我国环境健康风险评估制度的思考

环境健康风险评估是生态环境和卫生健康管理决策制定的重要依据之一,从政策制定、技术规范、制度试点、能力建设和管理应用等方面分析了我国环境健康风险评估工作现状。指出,我国环境健康风险评估制度存在各部门对环境健康风险评估的认识偏差,部门职责不清晰,管理需求不明确,技术体系不完善等问题。提出,生态环境和卫生健康部门应结合各自职责与需求制定相关工作办法,开展试点探索,条件成熟时制定专门法律;厘清生态环境和卫生健康部门在环境健康风险管理中的职责;紧密围绕生态环境和卫生健康管理需求,开展环境健康风险评估工作;借鉴国外经验,完善环境健康风险评估技术规范体系;从机构设置、技术队伍培训、合作共享、学术交流等方面提升环境健康风险评估能力。

Study of Establishing and Improving Environmental Health Risk Assessment System in China

Environmental health risk assessment is one of the important bases for ecological environment and health management decision making. The current situation of environmental health risk assessment in China is analyzed in terms of policy formulation, technical guidelines, policy pilot, capacity building and management application. It is pointed out that the current environmental health risk assessment system has problems such as bias in understanding of environmental health risk assessment, unclear departmental responsibilities and management needs, as well as imperfect technical system. It is proposed that ecological environment and health departments should combine their responsibilities and needs to develop relevant policies, carry out pilot exploration, and formulate specific law when it is necessary, clarify their responsibilities in environmental health risk management, carry out environmental health risk assessment closely focusing on their management needs, improve the technical specification system of environmental health risk assessment based on foreign experience, and improve the capacity of environmental health risk assessment in terms of institutional settings, technical team training, cooperation and sharing, academic exchanges, etc.