市政污水氧化沟处理工艺对人类致病菌群落组成的影响——以南京市某污水处理厂为例

人类致病菌(HPB)在市政污水中广泛存在,对人类健康产生严重威胁。以南京市某污水处理厂为例,采集1年内污水处理厂进水、污泥和生化处理出水样品,利用16S rRNA基因PCR扩增和高通量测序技术解析了HPB群落组成特征,研究了生化处理过程中水质理化指标与HPB群落组成的相关性。结果表明,进水和生化处理出水中HPB的检出种类数量与总相对丰度均相对平稳;污泥中HPB的检出种类数量变化较大,总相对丰度普遍比进水、生化处理出水要高,且存在明显的季节性差异。进水、污泥、生化处理出水样品中HPB组成具有相似性,优势HPB包括鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)、肠道沙门氏菌(Salmonella enterica)、铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)、结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)、粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)和鲍氏不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)。在水质理化指标中,BOD_(5)、NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN与生化处理出水HPB群落组成具有显著相关性,其中粪肠球菌(Enterococcus faecalis)的相对丰度与BOD_(5)浓度显著正相关,与NO_(3)^(-)-N和TN浓度显著负相关;鲍氏志贺菌(Shigella boydii)的相对丰度与NO_(3)^(-)-N、TN浓度显著正相关,与BOD_(5)浓度显著负相关。

Effect of Municipal Wastewater Oxidation Ditch Treatment Process on the Community Composition of Human Pathogenic Bacteria:Taking a Wastewater Treatment Plant in Nanjing as an Example

Human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) are widespread in municipal wastewater and pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, we used a wastewater treatment plant in Nanjing as an example. The water samples of influent, sludge and biochemically treated effluent were collected monthly in a year. The composition of HPB community was characterized by PCR amplification targeting 16S rRNA gene and high throughput sequencing, and the correlation between water physicochemical indexes and the composition of HPB community during biochemical treatment was investigated. The results showed that the number of detections and total relative abundance of HPB in the influent and biochemically treated effluent were relatively stable; the number of detections of HPB in sludge was more variable, and the total relative abundance was generally higher than that in the influent and the effluent, and showed obvious seasonal varieties. The composition of HPB in the influent, sludge, and effluent samples were similar, and the dominant HPB included Shigella boydii,Salmonella enterica,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Enterococcus faecalis and Acinetobacter baumannii.Among the water physicochemical indexes, BOD₅,NO^-₃-N, TN were significantly correlated with the composition of the HPB community in the biochemically treated effluent. The relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis was significantly positively correlated with BOD₅ concentration and negatively correlated with NO^-₃-N and TN concentration; the relative abundance of Shigella boydii was significantly positively correlated with NO^-₃-N and TN concentration and negatively correlated with BOD₅concentration.