欧盟优先水污染物与环境质量标准制定及其对我国的借鉴作用

综述了欧盟水框架指令和水政策环境质量标准指令框架下,水环境优先污染物和优先危害物质的确定方法、程序和清单,以及地表水质量标准与生物体质量标准的制定方法及监测要求。提出,我国可借鉴欧盟水框架指令和水政策环境质量标准指令,明确水环境管理和污染物控制目标,制定优先污染物筛选评估技术规范及质量标准,持续评估确定地表水优先污染物,同时,建立潜在高风险物质监测监控制度,进一步完善地表水环境质量标准的指标体系,使得水环境的保护更加科学合理。

The Formulation Methods of Priority Water Pollutants and Environmental Quality Standards in the EU and Their Reference Significance to China

This paper has summarized the defining methods, procedures and lists of the priority pollutants and priority hazardous substances in water environment under the EU Water Framework Directive and Directive on Environmental Quality Standards, as well as the formulation methods of surface water quality standards and biological quality standards and their monitoring requirements. It is proposed that China learn from the above Directives, clarify water environmental management and pollutant control objectives, formulate technical specifications for priority substances screening and evaluation, assess and determine surface water priority substances continuously, establish a monitoring and surveillance system for potential high-risk substances, improve the elements system for surface water environmental quality standards, so that the protection of water environment is more scientific and reasonable.