毒死蜱生态毒理与风险研究综述

毒死蜱被认为是一种高效、安全和广谱的含氮杂环类杀虫杀螨剂,被广泛应用于农业生产病虫害的防治中。在中国,毒死蜱曾被列为取代高毒农药的重要品种,并被农业部推荐用于无公害农产品生产的专用杀虫杀螨剂。近年来,由于不断发现的毒死蜱生物毒性及其产生的环境安全问题,美国和欧盟国家已经在某些范围内禁用毒死蜱。综合近几年文献,从环境介质含量、转化行为、生物活性检测以及国外水质基准等方面,对其分别叙述,旨在为今后中国地区毒死蜱的环境健康风险评价、生态风险评价和水质基准制定提供基本参考依据。

Review of Ecotoxicological and Risk Assessment for Chlorphrifos

Chlorpyrifos was widely used in prevention of insect pests and treatment of diseases in agriculture since it was thought to be an efficient, safe and broad-spectrum heterocyclic insecticide. Chlorpyrifos was suggested to replace insecticide high-toxic pesticide for pollution-free agricultural products by National Development and Reform Commission. However, it has recently been prohibited for use in the USA and some European countries because of environment safety concerns. Here the toxicological mechanisms, environmental exposures, transformation, and environmental quality criteria of Chlorpyrifos were discussed in this paper based on recent literatures. This work aimed to provide basic background and data for environmental health risk assessment, the ecological risk assessment and water quality criteria assessment in China.