2020年江苏省机动车排放污染分布特征及与大气质量耦合性研究

依据生态环境部2021年6月发布的《排放源统计调查产排污核算方法和系数手册》,结合本地实测数据,在对汽油车颗粒物(PM)排放系数进行测算的基础上,核算了2020年江苏省机动车PM、氮氧化物(NO_(X))、挥发性有机物(VOC_(S))的排放总量,分析了机动车排放污染分布特征及与大气质量的耦合关系。结果表明:2020年江苏省机动车PM、NO_(X)、VOC_(S)排放量分别为0.5×10^(4),3.71×10^(5),1.17×10^(5) t。从区域分布来看,苏州、南京、无锡3市的3项污染物排放总量及NO_(X)、VOC_(S)排放量均位列前3位,PM排放量位列前3位的是苏州、徐州、无锡。从车型、燃料类型和排放阶段来看,国Ⅳ及以下排放标准的汽油小型客车是机动车VOC_(S)排放控制的重点,国Ⅲ排放标准的重型柴油货车是机动车PM和NO_(X)排放控制的重点。分析区域机动车PM排放量与大气中PM_(2.5)来源解析结果的耦合关系,其间存在不同程度的正相关性,控制机动车污染对改善大气环境会产生积极成效,南京、徐州和盐城3市的成效会尤为明显。

Study on Distribution Characteristics of Motor Vehicle Emission Pollution and Its Coupling with Air Quality in Jiangsu Province in 2020

According to the manual of“accounting methods and coefficients for production and emission of emission source statistical investigation”issued by Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China in June 2021,based on the correction of the comprehensive coefficient of particulate matter(PM)emission of gasoline vehicles in combination with the measured data of local gasoline vehicles,this paper calculated the total emission of particulate matter(PM),nitrogen oxides(NOx)and volatile organic compounds(VOCs)from motor vehicles in Jiangsu Province in 2020,on this basis,the distribution and characteristics of vehicle emissions were analyzed.The results showed that,in 2020,the emissions of PM,NOx and VOCs from motor vehicles in Jiangsu Province were 0.5×10⁴,3.71×10⁵,1.17×10⁵ t respectively.From the perspective of regional pollution distribution,the total emission of three pollutants and NOx and VOCs of Suzhou,Nanjing and Wuxi ranked among the top three in the province,and the top three of PM emissions were Suzhou,Xuzhou and Wuxi.From the perspective of comprehensive models,fuel types and emission stages,VOCs emission control should be focused on gasoline minibuses with national emission standards IV and below,while the emission control of PM and NOx should be focused on diesel trucks with national emission standards Ⅲ.The relationship between regional motor vehicle PM emission and the source analysis results of PM_2.5 in the atmosphere was analyzed.There is a positive correlation in varying degrees.Controlling motor vehicle pollution will have a positive effect on improving the atmospheric environment,especially in Nanjing,Xuzhou and Yancheng.