Is gender inequality an essential driver in explaining environmental degradation? Some empirical answers from the CO2 emissions in European Union countries |
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| Institution: | 1. ERGO Analytics, Uzbekistan;2. Westminster International University in Tashkent, Uzbekistan;1. University of Glasgow, Adam Smith Business School (South), Room 682, University Avenue, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK;2. School of Social Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, UK;3. Faculty of Business and Public Management, University of Zaragoza, Plaza de la Constitución s/n, 22071 Huesca, Spain;1. College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, 211100, People''s Republic of China;2. Postdoctoral Station of Management Science and Engineering, College of Economics and Management, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, People’s Republic of China;3. School of Economics Management and Economics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, People''s Republic of China;4. Business School, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China;5. School of politics and public administration, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, No. 100, Science Road, Zhengzhou, Henan, China;6. Department of Economics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;1. BRIDGE Research Group, Departamento de Matemática Aplicada, Universidad del País Vasco, Avenida de Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain;2. Departamento de Organización de Empresas, Universidad del País Vasco, Avenida de Otaola 29, 20600 Eibar, Gipuzkoa, Spain |
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| Abstract: | The effect of gender inequality on environmental degradation was examined for panel data of fourteen countries from the European Union (EU) from 1991 to 2016. The Quantile via Moments (QvM) and Fixed effects models were used to perform the empirical investigation. The results from the QvM and the Fixed effects models support that the gender gap pay and energy consumption increase the CO2 emissions in the EU. However, the economic growth, globalisation and urbanisation deepening do not increase the environmental problem. This empirical investigation will contribute to the literature, policymakers, and governments. It will help develop more initiatives to reduces gender inequality at the same time it mitigates the environmental degradation in the EU countries. Finally, the empirical finds of this investigation will open a new topic of investigation in the literature about the relationship between environmental degradation and gender inequality. |
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