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Forest Health Monitoring in the United States: First Four Years
Authors:Samuel A Alexander  Craig J Palmer
Institution:Samuel A. Alexander* and Craig J. Palmer
Abstract:To address the need for more effective methods for evaluating and assessing forest ecosystem health, the USDA-Forest Service and the US Environmental Protection Agency through its Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program developed the Forest Health Monitoring program. The program was initiated in 1990 and by 1994 was present in the major areas of the United States. This paper presents an overview of the program, the indicators and methods developed for the program, and some of the results after four years of monitoring and research.
Keywords:bird community  crown dieback  ecological monitoring  indicator development  ozone bioindicator plants  soil chemistry
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