Does biodiversity of macroinvertebrates and genome response of Chironomidae larvae (Diptera) reflect heavy metal pollution in a small pond? |
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Authors: | Paraskeva Michailova Elzbieta Warcha?owska-?liwa Ewa Szarek-Gwiazda Andrzej Kownacki |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Zoology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1 Tzar Osvoboditel boulv., Sofia, Bulgaria;(2) Institute of Nature Conservation, Polish Academy of Sciences, al. Adama Mickiewicza 33, 31-120 Krakow, Poland |
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Abstract: | The investigation was carried out on a small pond situated on a recent mine spoil at Bolesław in the Olkusz region with Zn–Pb
ore deposits. Water of the pond had pH 7.2–8.5 and low concentrations of heavy metals. Concentrations of Pb (487 μg g − 1) and Zn (1,991 μg g − 1) in the sediment were very high and potentially could lead to toxicological effects. In the pond, 48 taxa of macroinvertebrates
belonging to Oligochaeta and water stages of Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Megaloptera, Trichoptera, Heteroptera, Coleoptera and
Diptera (mainly Chironomidae family) were found. The influence of heavy metals on macroinvertebrates diversity was not found.
Effect of heavy metal pollution was observed on the appearance of chromosome aberrations in the polytene chromosomes of Chironomidae
larvae. It was manifested by two ways: (1) in Kiefferulus tendipediformis and Chironomus sp. chromosome rearrangements in fixed state (tandem fusion and homozygous inversions), indicated intensive process of speciation;
(2) in Chironomus sp., K. tendipediformis, Glyptotendipes gripekoveni (Chironomidae) somatic chromosome rearrangements (inversions, deficiencies, specific puffs, polyploidy) affected few cells
of every individual. The somatic functional and structural alterations in Chironomidae species are particular suitable as
biomarkers—they can be easily identified and used for detecting toxic agents in the environment. |
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