Radionuclide Concentrations in Benthic Invertebrates from Amchitka and Kiska Islands in the Aleutian Chain, Alaska |
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Authors: | Joanna Burger Michael Gochfeld Stephen C Jewett |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Life Sciences, Rutgers University, 604 Allison Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8082, USA;(2) Consortium for Risk Evaluation with Stakeholder Participation (CRESP), and Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute (EOHSI), Piscataway, NJ, USA;(3) Environmental and Occupational Medicine, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, NJ, USA;(4) School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99775-7220, USA |
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Abstract: | Concentrations of 13 radionuclides (137Cs, 129I, 60Co, 152Eu, 90Sr, 99Tc, 241Am, 238Pu, 239,249Pu, 234U, 235U, 236U, 238U were examined in seven species of invertebrates from Amchitka and Kiska Islands, in the Aleutian Chain of Alaska, using
gamma spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy, and alpha spectroscopy. Amchitka Island was the site of
three underground nuclear test (1965–1971), and we tested the null hypotheses that there were no differences in radionuclide
concentrations between Amchitka and the reference site (Kiska) and there were no differences among species. The only radionuclides
where composite samples were above the Minimum Detectable Activity (MDA) were 137Cs, 241Am, 239,249Pu, 234U, 235U, 236U, and 238U. Green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus polyacanthus), giant chiton (Cryptochiton stelleri), plate limpets (Tectura scutum) and giant Pacific octopus (Enteroctopus dofleini) were only tested for 137Cs; octopus was the only species with detectable levels of 137Cs (0.262 ± 0.029 Bq/kg, wet weight). Only rock jingle (Pododesmus macroschisma), blue mussel (Mytilus trossulus) and horse mussel (Modiolus modiolus) were analyzed for the actinides. There were no interspecific differences in 241Am and 239,240Pu, and almost no samples above the MDA for 238Pu and 236U. Horse mussels had significantly higher concentrations of 234U (0.844 ± 0.804 Bq/kg) and 238U (0.730 ± 0.646) than the other species (both isotopes are naturally occurring). There were no differences in actinide concentrations
between Amchitka and Kiska. In general, radionuclides in invertebrates from Amchitka were similar to those from uncontaminated
sites in the Northern Hemisphere, and below those from the contaminated Irish Sea. There is a clear research need for authors
to report the concentrations of radionuclides by species, rather than simply as ‘shellfish’, for comparative purposes in determining
geographical patterns, understanding possible effects, and for estimating risk to humans from consuming different biota. |
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Keywords: | Radionuclides Radiocesium Actinides Invertebrates Octopus Mussels Rock jingles Aleutians Amchitka Kiska |
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