Methodological scheme for designing the monitoring of genetically modified crops at the regional scale |
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Authors: | F Graef W Züghart B Hommel U Heinrich U Stachow A Werner |
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Institution: | (1) Department for Land Use Systems and Landscape Ecology, Centre for Agricultural Landscape- and Land Use Research (ZALF), Eberswalder Str. 84, D-15374, Müncheberg;(2) Federal Agency for Nature Protection (BfN), D-14191, Bonn;(3) Federal Biological Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry (BBA), D-14532, Kleinmachnow |
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Abstract: | According to EC regulations the deliberate release of genetically modified (GM) crops into the agro-environment needs to be
accompanied by environmental monitoring to detect potential adverse effects, e.g.unacceptable levels of gene flow from GM
to non-GM crops, or adverse effects on single species or species groups thus reducing biodiversity. There is, however, considerable
scientific and public debate on how GM crops should be monitored with sufficient accuracy, discussing questions of potential
adverse effects, agro-environmental variables or indicators to be monitored and respective detection methods; Another basic
component, the appropriate number and location of monitoring sites, is hardly considered. Currently, no consistent GM crop
monitoring approach combines these components systematically. This study focuses on and integrates spatial agro-environmental
aspects at a landscape level in order to design monitoring networks. Based on examples of environmental variables associated
with the cropping of Bt-Maize (Zea maize L.), herbicide-tolerant (HT) winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.), HT sugar beet
(Beta vulgaris L.), and starch-modified potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), we develop a transferable framework and assessment
scheme that comprises anticipated adverse environmental effects, variables to be measured and monitoring methods.These we
integrate with a rule-based GIS (geographic information system) analysis, applying widely available spatial area and point
information from existing environmental networks. This is used todevelop scenarios with optimised regional GM crop monitoring
networks. |
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Keywords: | assessment procedure GIS GM crops spatial monitoring design |
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