Impact of Post-Methanation Distillery Effluent Irrigation on Groundwater Quality |
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Authors: | N Jain A Bhatia R Kaushik Sanjeev Kumar H C Joshi H Pathak |
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Institution: | (1) Division of Environmental Sciences, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India;(2) Present address: Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Institut fur Meteorology und Klimaforschung, Kreuzeckbahnstr. 19, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany |
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Abstract: | Molasses-based distilleries generate large quantities of effluent, which is used for irrigation in many countries including
India. The effluent is rich in organic and inorganic ions, which may leach down and pollute the groundwater. An on-farm experiment
was conducted to assess the impact of long-term irrigation with post-methanation distillery effluent (PMDE) on nitrate, sulphate,
chloride, sodium, potassium, and magnesium contents in the groundwater of two sites in northwest India. Electrical conductivity
(EC), pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and colour were also determined to assess the chemical
load in the groundwater. Nitrate content in the groundwater samples ranged from 16.95 mg L−1 in the unamended fields to 59.81 mg L−1 in the PMDE-amended fields during the 2-year study (2001–2002). Concentrations of TDS in water samples from tubewell of the
amended field was higher by 40.4% over the tubewell water of the unamended field. Colour of the water samples of the amended
fields was also darker than that of the unamended fields. The study indicated that the organic and inorganic ions added through
the effluent could pose a serious threat to the groundwater quality if applied without proper monitoring. |
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Keywords: | groundwater pollution inorganic ions leaching nitrate organic ions |
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