Preparation and Validation of Gridded Emission Inventory of Criteria Air Pollutants and Identification of Emission Hotspots for Megacity Delhi |
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Authors: | Manju Mohan Lalit Dagar B R Gurjar |
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Institution: | (1) Centre for Atmospheric Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 10016, India;(2) Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee, India |
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Abstract: | Delhi is one of the many megacities struggling with punishing levels of pollution from industrial, residential, and transportation
sources. Over the years, pollution abatement in Delhi has become an important constituent of state policies. In the past one
decade a lot of policies and regulations have been implemented which have had a noticeable effect on pollution levels. In
this context, air quality models provide a powerful tool to study the impact of development plans on the expected air pollution
levels and thus aid the regulating and planning authorities in decision-making process. In air quality modeling, emissions
in the modeling domain at regular interval are one of the most important inputs. From the annual emission data of over a decade
(1990–2000), emission inventory is prepared for the megacity Delhi. Four criteria pollutants namely, CO, SO2, PM, and NO
x
are considered and a gridded emission inventory over Delhi has been prepared taking into account land use pattern, population
density, traffic density, industrial areas, etc. A top down approach is used for this purpose. Emission isopleths are drawn
and annual emission patterns are discussed mainly for the years 1990, 1996 and 2000. Primary and secondary areas of emission
hotspots are identified and emission variations discussed during the study period. Validation of estimated values is desired
from the available data. There is a direct relationship of pollution levels and emission strength in a given area. Hence,
an attempt has been made to validate the emission inventory for all criteria pollutants by analyzing emissions in various
sampling zones with the ambient pollution levels. For validation purpose, the geographical region encompassing the study area
(Delhi) has been divided into seven emission zones as per the air quality monitoring stations using Voronoi polygon concept.
Dispersion modeling is also used for continuous elevated sources to have the contributing emissions at the ground level to
facilitate validation. A good correlation between emission estimates and concentration has been found. Correlation coefficient
of 0.82, 0.77, 0.58 and 0.68 for CO, SO2, PM and NO
x
respectively shows a reasonably satisfactory performance of the present estimates. |
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Keywords: | Emission inventory Megacity Delhi Criteria pollutants Voronoi polygon Top-down approach |
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