Testing differences in methods of preparing moss samples |
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Authors: | J R Aboal J A Fernández J A Couto A Carballeira |
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Institution: | (1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Korea University, Anamdong, Seongbukku, 132-761 Seoul, South Korea;(2) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hannam University, 306-791 Ojungdong, Daejon, South Korea |
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Abstract: | The main objective of this research was to estimate the total mass of nitrogen discharged from various sources in Korea using
the mass balance approach. Three different nitrogen mass balances were presented: (1) agricultural activities including raising
crops and animal husbandry; (2) domestic activities, and (3) activities in forest and urban areas. These nitrogen balances
were combined to estimate riverine discharge of nitrogen to the ocean in national scale. Nitrogen inputs include atmospheric
deposition, biological nitrogen fixation, application of inorganic fertilizers/manures, animal feed/imported foodstuffs, and
meat/fish. Nitrogen outputs include ammonia volatilization, denitrification, human/animal waste generation, crop/meat production,
and riverine discharge to the ocean. The estimated total nitrogen input in Korea was 1,194.5 × 103 tons N/year. Nitrogen discharged into rivers was estimated as 408–422 × 103 tons N/year, of which 66–71% was diffuse in origin. The estimated diffuse discharges for land uses were estimated as 82 × 103 tons N/year from agricultural areas, 7 × 103 tons N/year from forestry and 75 × 103 tons N/year from urban and industrial areas. |
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Keywords: | Diffuse source Land use Nationwide estimation Nitrogen Mass balance |
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