Impact of changed trophic status on the zooplankton composition in six water bodies of Dharwad district, Karnataka state (South India) |
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Authors: | Vijaykumar A Kudari Ravishankar D Kanamadi |
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Institution: | (1) College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, USA;(2) Center for Coastal Environmental Health and Biomolecular Research, NOAA, Charleston, SC, USA;(3) Hollings Marine Laboratory, NOAA, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, SC 29412, USA |
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Abstract: | Morgan Island, located within the ACE Basin National Estuarine Research Reserve in South Carolina, is home to the only free-ranging
colony of rhesus monkeys (Macca mulatta) in the continental United States. The purpose of this study was to assess environmental impacts of the monkey colony on
water quality in adjacent tidal creeks and on island vegetation. Three tidal creeks were sampled: Morgan Creek, adjacent to
the monkey colony; Back Creek, on Morgan Island not adjacent to the colony; and Rock Creek, on a nearby island unoccupied
by monkeys. Temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, nutrients and fecal coliform bacteria were measured six times at
three sites in each of these creeks, and vegetation change analysis was conducted in a geographic information system using
satellite imagery. Results showed elevated fecal coliform concentrations in the Morgan Creek site immediately adjacent to
the colony, though no samples exceeded the standard set for recreational water use. Ribotyping reconnaissance matched four
Escherichia coli isolates from Morgan and Back Creeks to the monkeys, identifying the colony as one source of fecal coliform bacteria, though
relative source loadings could not be quantified. Significant differences were not observed between ammonia or orthophosphate
levels in Morgan Creek relative to the other creeks tested; and vegetation change analysis showed a 35% increase in canopy
cover between 1979 and 1999. Overall, these results suggest that the rhesus colony’s environmental impacts are localized and
minimal. Results from this study provide baseline data on Morgan Island and may be useful in management decisions regarding
the future of the monkey colony. |
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Keywords: | ACE basin Morgan Island Rhesus monkey Fecal coliforms Water quality |
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