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应用化学质量平衡模型解析西宁大气PM2.5的来源
引用本文:窦筱艳,赵雪艳,徐珣,高海鹏,李婷,丁梅梅,刘宇,韩斌,白志鹏.应用化学质量平衡模型解析西宁大气PM2.5的来源[J].中国环境监测,2016,32(4):7-14.
作者姓名:窦筱艳  赵雪艳  徐珣  高海鹏  李婷  丁梅梅  刘宇  韩斌  白志鹏
作者单位:青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012,青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,青海省环境监测中心站, 青海 西宁 810000,中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境科学研究院, 环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室, 北京 100012
基金项目:青海省科技支撑计划项目“西宁市大气颗粒物PM2.5来源解析”(2013-J-101);青海省省委组织部2014年青海省人才“小高地”项目(青人才字[2014]12号);环保公益性行业科研专项“PM2.5/PM10自动监测的标准量值传递和QA/QC关键技术研究”(201309010)
摘    要:为研究影响西宁市大气环境PM_(2.5)污染水平的主要来源,于2014年采暖季、风沙季和非采暖季依托西宁市大气地面观测网络在11个监测点采集大气PM_(2.5)样品,对其化学组分(元素、离子和碳)进行分析。研究同步采集了4类固定源、14类移动源和4类开放源的PM_(2.5)样品,并构建源排放成分谱。应用化学质量平衡受体模型(CMB)开展源解析研究。源解析结果表明,观测期间西宁市PM_(2.5)主要来源包括城市扬尘(分担率为26.4%)、燃煤尘(14.5%)、机动车尾气(12.8%)、二次硫酸盐(9.0%)、生物质燃烧(6.6%)、二次硝酸盐(5.7%)、钢铁尘(4.7%)、锌冶炼尘(3.4%)、建筑尘(4.4%)、土壤尘(4.4%)、餐饮排放(2.9%)和其他未识别的来源(5.2%)。大力开展城市扬尘为主的开放源污染控制,严格控制本地燃煤、机动车等污染源的PM_(2.5)排放,是改善西宁市空气质量的重要途径。

关 键 词:化学质量平衡  PM2.5  来源解析  西宁
收稿时间:2016/3/18 0:00:00
修稿时间:2016/4/12 0:00:00

Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Xining by the Chemical Mass Balance
DOU Xiaoyan,ZHAO Xueyan,XU Xun,GAO Haipeng,LI Ting,DING Memei,LIU Yu,HAN Bin and BAI Zhipeng.Source Apportionment of PM2.5 in Xining by the Chemical Mass Balance[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2016,32(4):7-14.
Authors:DOU Xiaoyan  ZHAO Xueyan  XU Xun  GAO Haipeng  LI Ting  DING Memei  LIU Yu  HAN Bin and BAI Zhipeng
Institution:Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China,Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,Environmental Monitoring Center of Qinghai Province, Xining 810000, China,State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract:In the study, PM2.5 samples were collected from 11 monitoring sites in Xining during the winter, spring and summer/autumn of 2014 to investigate the major sources of ambient PM2.5 in the city. 4 types of stationary sources, 14 types of mobile sources and 4 types of fugitive dust sources were collected for source chemical profiles. Chemical compositions (elements, water-soluble ions, and carbonaceous species) were analyzed for all PM2.5 samples. Chemical Mass Balance receptor model was applied for the source apportionment of PM2.5. Results indicated that the major sources of PM2.5 were urban resuspended dust (26.4%), coal combustion dust (14.5%), vehicle exhaust (12.8%), secondary sulfate (9.0%), biomass burning (6.6%), secondary nitrate (5.7%), iron manufacturing dust (4.7%), zinc manufacturing dust (3.4%), construction derived dust (4.4%), soil dust (4.4%), cooking fume (2.9%) and unknown sources (5.2%). The result suggests that critical pathways of controlling PM2.5 pollution in Xining would be great managements and reductions on the fugitive dust, coal burning emission and local vehicle exhaust.
Keywords:chemical mass balance  PM2  5  source apportionment  Xining
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