秸秆焚烧对哈尔滨市灰霾天气的影响

2015年11月1—4日,哈尔滨市及周边地区发生了连续的灰霾天气,颗粒物浓度急剧升高。污染发生时,监测仪器均布设在哈尔滨市区上风向30 km处(哈尔滨市双城区)并开展了连续96 h的监测分析。综合利用气象观测资料,3D可视激光雷达监测资料及地面空气污染监测资料分析了灰霾天气发生的气象条件和污染边界层特征,根据哈尔滨市双城区大气污染物排放源谱库对主要成分进行来源解析,结合颗粒物质量浓度和气象条件研究了秸秆焚烧对灰霾天气的影响。结果表明,灰霾天气持续期间,夜间生物质燃烧源成为该地区颗粒物的第二大源;秸秆焚烧产生的大气污染物,由于地面长时间静风,污染边界层降低等原因,致使本地污染物累积、不易扩散,加剧了本次污染。

Effects of Straw Burning on Ash Haze Weather in Harbin

There had been continuous ash haze weather on November 1-4 of 2015 in Harbin and surrounding areas, and the particle concentration was dramatically increased. The pollution monitoring instruments were set 30 km upwind of urban Harbin and carried out continuous monitoring analysis for 96 hours when the pollution happened. Combined with meteorological observation data, 3D visual laser radar monitoring data and ground air pollution monitoring data, the meteorological conditions and pollution boundary layer characteristics of ash haze weather were analyzed, and then its source apportionment was carried out according to the local atmospheric pollutant emission spectrum database. Finally the effects of straw burning on ash haze weather were analyzed with particle mass concentration and meteorological conditions. The results showed that during the ash haze weather period, biomass combustion at night became the second largest source of particulate matter in the local region. Due to longtime static wind on the ground and reduced pollution boundary layer, the local pollutants from straw burning were accumulated and not easy to spread, this haze weather was aggravated.