基于新空气质量标准的全国大气环境承载力评价

随着中国环境问题特别是大气环境问题的凸显,环境承载能力研究成为国内各界关注的热点。采用大气污染物年均质量浓度与新的空气质量标准比较的方法即超标倍数法,对全国330个地级城市进行大气环境承载力评价。评价结果表明,有70%的城市大气环境超载,大气环境承载形势严峻。超载最严重地区为京津冀及周边区域,长三角地区、中部大部分地区。PM2.5为大多数重点城市超载的首要污染物。通过对比大气环境承载指数与污染物排放总量、污染排放强度、人口、第二产业、地形、气象等因素的相关关系发现,不同地区主要影响因素不同,应该采取分区域、季节等差别化手段控制污染物排放,提高环境承载能力。

The Carrying Capacity Assessment of the National Atmospheric Environment Based on the New Air Quality Standards

With the outbreak of environmental problems in China, especially the atmospheric environmental problems, environmental carrying capacity has become the focus of our government departments and academics. The carrying capacity of 330 prefecture level cities in China was evaluated by comparing the average annual mass concentration of air pollutants with the new environmental quality standards. Evaluation result showed that 70% cities in China are overloaded. The most serious overloading areas include the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta region, and most parts of the Central region. PM_2.5 is the primary pollutant of most cities. By comparing the correlation coefficients between atmospheric environment carrying index and pollutant emissions, unit land emissions intensity, population, the second industry, terrain and weather related factors, found that the main impact factors of different regions are different. There should be the regional and seasonal control measures of pollutant emissions to improve the environmental carrying capacity.