我国高速公路周边土壤重金属污染现状及研究进展

以我国高速公路周边土壤重金属为研究对象，综述了我国高速公路周边土壤重金属污染特征、影响因素、来源、环境风险及其研究进展。高速公路周边土壤主要受Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn等重金属污染，主要呈现指数分布、偏态分布和两者混合分布等特点，并且受到土地利用、风向、地形、车流量等多种因素的综合影响。土壤重金属的来源除了受成土母质等自然因素影响以外，公路交通和周边工农业活动也会对其来源产生较大影响。传统的土壤重金属评价方法主要采用单因子指数法、地累积指数法、生态风险评价法等对重金属的污染等级和环境风险进行评价。未来的研究应将重金属形态分析、空间和地统计分析、重金属稳定同位素示踪和源解析模型以及预测模型等多种手段相结合，开展高速公路周边土壤重金属的污染特征、时空分布、来源及预测预警研究等，为我国高速公路沿线工农业生产布局及其土壤重金属污染防控提供科学依据和决策支撑。

Current Status and Research Progress of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soils Surrounding Highways of China

Focusing on heavy metals in soils around the highways of China,its pollution characteristics,affecting factors,sources,environmental risk and and research progress in recent years was reviewed in this paper.The soils around the highways were mainly polluted by heavy metals such as Pb,Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,etc.Distribution of the heavy metals mainly included exponential distribution,skewed distribution and mixed distribution,affecting by various factors including land uses,wind direction,topography and traffic flow.In addition to the natural factors such as soil parent material,road traffic and surrounding industrial and agricultural activities had great contribution on their sources.The traditional method for evaluating heavy metal pollution and environmental risk in soils mainly includes single factor index method,geoaccumulation index method and ecological risk assessment method.Suggesting that in future studies,it is advisable to integrate traditional methods with modern technologies,like speciation analysis,spatial and geostatistical analysis,stable isotope tracing,source apportionment and prediction model and so on,in exploring pollution characteristics,spatial and temporal distribution,sources,forecast and early warning of heavy metals surrounding highways so as to provide a scientific basis for the development of industry and agricultural production,regional prevention and control of heavy metal pollution surrounding the highways of China.