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大同市大气颗粒物浓度与水溶性离子季度分布特征
引用本文:刀谞,张霖琳,王超,陈烨,吕怡兵,滕恩江. 大同市大气颗粒物浓度与水溶性离子季度分布特征[J]. 中国环境监测, 2015, 31(3): 43-51
作者姓名:刀谞  张霖琳  王超  陈烨  吕怡兵  滕恩江
作者单位:中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012,中国环境监测总站 国家环境保护环境监测质量控制重点实验室, 北京 100012
基金项目:环保公益性行业科研专项(201309050)
摘    要:为研究大同市大气颗粒物质量浓度与水溶性离子组成特征,于2013年2、7、9、12月,分别对大同市及其对照点庞泉沟国家大气背景点进行了PM2.5及PM10的采样,通过超声萃取-IC法测定了样品中的9种水溶性离子,结果表明,大同市大气颗粒物污染1、4季度重于2、3季度,PM2.5季度均值全年均未超标,PM10仅第1季度超标1.4倍,污染状况总体良好,PM2.5与PM10相关系数R为0.75,说明大同市颗粒物污染有较为相近的来源,且不同季节均以粗颗粒物为主;大同市PM2.5中水溶性离子浓度分布为SO2-4、NO-3、NH+4Cl-、Ca2+K+、Na+F-、Mg2+,PM10中Ca2+浓度仅次于SO2-4、NO-3,控制扬尘将有效降低PM10的浓度;PM2.5及PM10中的9种水溶性离子在不同季度的浓度与颗粒物浓度分布规律类似,1、4季度较高,2、3季度较低;由阴阳离子平衡计算结果可知,相关性方程的斜率K为1.045,表明大同市大气颗粒物中阳离子相对亏损,大气细粒子组分偏酸性。NO-3与SO2-4浓度比值均小于1,大同市以硫酸型污染为主,大气中的SO2-4主要来源于人类活动排放。

关 键 词:PM2.5  PM10  水溶性离子  组分  季度变化  大同
收稿时间:2014-05-26
修稿时间:2015-01-02

Characteristics of Mass and Water-Soluble Ionic Compounds of Atmospheric Fine Particles in Four Quarters of Datong
DAO Xu,ZHANG Lin-lin,WANG Chao,CHEN Ye,LYU Yi-bing and TENG En-jiang. Characteristics of Mass and Water-Soluble Ionic Compounds of Atmospheric Fine Particles in Four Quarters of Datong[J]. Environmental Monitoring in China, 2015, 31(3): 43-51
Authors:DAO Xu  ZHANG Lin-lin  WANG Chao  CHEN Ye  LYU Yi-bing  TENG En-jiang
Affiliation:State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring, China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, Beijing 100012, China
Abstract:To investigate atmospheric fine particles and water-soluble components pollution in Datong, PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected at city sites and National Atmospheric Back ground site of Pang Quangou in four seasons of 2013.The mass concentrations and inorganic water-soluble ions were analyzed. The results show that the mass concentrations and water-soluble ions were quite higher in the first and the fourth seasons. Only PM10 exceeded to the Environmental standards 1.4 times, which indicate that the atmospheric fine particles pollution in Datong is not serious. The correlation coefficient (R) of PM2.5 and PM10 was 0.75, suggesting that the particulate pollution sources of Datong were similar. The coarse particle pollution is serious in this city.In this city the concentrations of water-soluble ion was NO3-, SO42-, NH4+>Cl-, Ca2+>K+, Na+>F-, Mg2+.The concentrations of Ca2+ is less than SO42-, NO3- in PM10, so controlling dust is the effective way to reduce the PM10. The ions balance between total cations and total anions showed the Slope of correlation equation was 1.045, it meaned the airborne PM2.5 at Datong was just a little acid, which was consistent with the results of pH measurement. The ratio of NO3-/SO42- is less than 1 and sulfuric is mainly pollution in Datong. The SO42-mainly come from the emissions of human activities.
Keywords:PM2.5  PM10  water-soluble ions  components  seasonal change  Datong
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