2016—2019年长江经济带总磷污染及治理特征分析

基于环境统计数据分析了长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷污染及治理特征。结果表明,2016—2019年,长江经济带工业源和生活源总磷排放量总体下降,但占全国比例逐年增加。工业源涉磷企业主要分布在江苏、浙江、四川、湖北等省,主要涉及纺织、农副食品、化工、电镀等行业;下游的南通、苏州、宁波、绍兴和杭州等城市"三磷"企业总磷产生量也较大。工业源总磷治理存在污水处理设施建设和现有治理能力不足的问题。四川、江苏、湖南等地的生活源总磷排放量较大,贵州、江西、云南等地的人均总磷排放量较高。长江经济带上游流域、地区生活污水处理率、总磷去除率较低。建议加强工业源涉磷企业监管和治理力度,强化上游地区生活污水处理设施建设和提标改造,减少总磷污染。

Analysis of Total Phosphorus Pollution and Treatment Characteristics in the Yangtze River Economic Belt During 2016-2019

According to the environmental statistical data, the paper analyzed Total Phosphorus (TP) pollution and treatment characteristics of industrial and domestic sources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt during 2016-2019.The results showed that TP emissions of industrial and domestic sources in the Yangtze River Economic Belt decreased overall, but its proportion in the whole country increased.Industrial enterprises producing TP were mainly distributed in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Hubei, etc, and mainly involving textile, agricultural and sideline food, chemical industry, electroplating, etc.The TP production of "three phosphorus" enterprises was also larger in the downstream cities such as Nantong, Suzhou, Ningbo, Shaoxing and Hangzhou.There were some problems in the treatment of TP from industrial sources, such as insufficient investment in sewage treatment facilities and insufficient exertion of existing treatment capacity.TP emissions of domestic sources in Sichuan, Jiangsu and Hunan were relatively large, while the total phosphorus emissions per capita in Guizhou, Jiangxi and Yunnan were relatively high.The domestic sewage treatment rate and total phosphorus removal rate in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River Economic Belt were low.It was suggested to strengthen the supervision and treatment of phosphorus related enterprises in industrial sources, as well as the construction and upgrading of domestic sewage treatment facilities in upstream areas.