各国环境空气质量评价中污染物浓度表示方法比较

对不同国家在环境空气质量评价中主要污染物浓度表示方法进行了比较和分析,发现各国对于气态污染物浓度的表示方法主要有体积比浓度和质量浓度2种方法,对于颗粒物浓度的表示方法则普遍采用了质量浓度;颗粒物的质量浓度有标况浓度和实况浓度2种表示方法,在中国标况浓度和实况浓度的数值存在较大差异,在不同地区和不同季节此差异大小亦不同,一般情况下,实况浓度低于其标况浓度,且实况浓度能够更加客观反映颗粒物污染状况;建议修订中国环境空气质量标准中颗粒物浓度的表示方法,使用实际状况下的质量浓度来表示空气中颗粒物的浓度,以保证中国与其他国家之间监测数据的可比性。

Comparison on the Indicating Methods of Air Pollutant Concentration in Ambient Air Quality Assessment among Some Different Countries

The indicating methods of some key air pollutants'' concentration in the ambient air quality assessment among some different countries are compared and analyzed in this paper. The results show that there are two units such as volume concentration and mass concentration for the gaseous contaminant, and the mass concentration is used for particulate matters generally. And there are two formats for the particulate mattes particulate matters, such as actual condition and standard condition. There are distinct difference between the two conditions in China, and the difference varies in the different areas and seasons. The concentration in the actual condition is usually lower than the standard condition, and can better reflect actual air quality status. It is suggested that the units of the particulate matters concentration in the air quality standard of China should be revised, we should use the units of concentration in the actual condition to indicate the particulate matters concentration, then the air quality monitoring data will be comparability to the data from other countries.