云南省宣威市和富源县空气和土壤中多环芳烃污染水平研究

宣威市和富源县位于我国云南省东北部,是全世界肺癌发病率最高的地区之一。当地居民在不通风的房间内燃烧烟煤做饭或取暖造成了严重的室内空气污染。研究表明,长期暴露在燃煤造成的污染物中是导致两地居民肺癌持续高发的主要原因,多环芳烃是最可疑的致病因子之一。2008年1月,分别用聚胺脂泡沫和玻璃纤维滤膜采集了当地9个点位室内、室外空气中气相和颗粒物相中的多环芳烃,同时采集了对应点位的土壤样品。通过对样品的分析,考察了当地空气和土壤中多环芳烃的污染水平、特征以及来源。结果证明,当地空气和土壤中存在严重的多环芳烃污染,室内污染显著高于室外,然而随着当地工业的发展室外污染同样不可忽视,主成分分析结合比值法证明,当地室内外多环芳烃的主要污染源来自于煤炭的燃烧。对空气颗粒物和土壤中多环芳烃浓度进行了比较,对土壤中多环芳烃的来源进行了验证。

Assessment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) Level in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, Yunnan Province

Xuanwei and Fuyuan located in the north-east of Yunnan province, are among the areas with highest lung cancer incidence rate even worldwide.Local residents burning smoky coals for cooking and heating in unvented households and cause serious indoor air pollution.Previous studies suggested PAHs pollution is one of the most propable causes to the abnormal lung cancer incidence.Air samples in 9 indoor and outdoor sites and corresponding soil samples were collected in January 2008 to study status,characters and sources of the PAHs pollution in air and soil. Serious PAHs pollution were found in local air and soil. Pollution in indoor air decreased through the efforts of stove improvement,but it was still much more serious than in outdoor air.With the development of local industy related to coal fuels, PAHs pollution in outdoor air was getting more and more serious and can not be neglectable in the future exposure assesment.Buring coals indoor or outdoor was found to be the main source of PAHs pollution in air and soil by the principal component analysis (PCA) of PAHs concentrations in combination with diagnostic ratios. The exchange direction from air particles to soil was conformed.