美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计介绍

介绍了美国EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计。首先,指导性文件《基本水质监测方案》中的环境监测计划要求建立1个不少于1 000个点位的国家地表水质环境监测网,并提出了点位设计的标准,包括4点基本要求和针对每一类水域的具体要求。其次,另一指导性文件《准备州综合水质评估(305b报告)和电子升级:报告内容的准则》提出了1种新的对水质的综合性评估技术,要求在传统的判断点位设计的基础上增加概率统计点位设计方法。最后,全国一致的概率统计点位设计是相当有效的获知全国范围的水质情况及变化趋势的方法,EPA完全支持通过这种概率统计点位设计的方法来评估更多的水质状况。概率统计点位设计是EPA地表水质监测与评估的点位设计的发展趋势。

Introduce of Sampling Design about Federal EPA Surface Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment

This article introduced sampling design about federal EPA surface water quality monitoring and assessment. Firstly, sampling design of national surface water network were studied: the ambient monitoring program of national guidance document "Basic Water Monitoring Program" requests to establish national surface water monitoring network with no less than 1 000 site stations, and proposed sampling design standard: including four requirements and specific requests for different water types. Secondly, another guidance document "Guidelines for Preparation of the Comprehensive State Water Quality Assessments (305b Reports) and Electronic Updates"proposed a combination of traditional targeted sampling design and probablity-based sampling design. Finally, EPA fully supports the monitoring programme will have probablity-based sampling design, which is cost-effective methods to learn nationwide water quality and the trends. Therefore the probablity-based sampling design is the trends of sampling design about surface water monitoring and assessment.