恶臭监测嗅觉测试方法的比较分析

通过恶臭污染监测技术的比较分析,阐明了各类恶臭监测技术的特点和发展方向,指出嗅觉测试法在目前技术水平下的重要作用和地位,依据古典心理物理学中最小可觉差法及平均差误法对欧洲EN13725标准方法和中国三点比较式臭袋法进行了比较分析,得到2种实验方法的特点。古典物理学是科学心理学一百多年的发展历程中已经形成的经典研究技术,主要用于外界刺激对人的感觉器官作用的测试技术。其中最小可觉差法是采用已知"标准刺激"对未知的"比较刺激"进行比较的感受阈值测定方法。平均差误法则是将"标准刺激"阈值视为零,并将接近零的平均实验结果作为感觉阈值的测定方法。在欧洲嗅辨实验所用的"标准刺激"为标准臭气样,而中国嗅辨实验暂时没有标准臭气样品,仍依据嗅觉阈值为零的概念进行恶臭样品实验。通过多年对嗅辨员的考核经验,总结了人的嗅阈值的分布特征,进而提出标准臭气样品的制备研究方法,提出培训嗅辨师以增强对环境恶臭污染识别能力的观点,借以深入理解恶臭嗅觉测定技术方法。

Comparative Analysis of Olfactometry Test Method of Odour Monitoring

Through to analysing and comparing the odour pollution monitoring tecnolhogy, this essay expounds all kinds of odour monitoring technology of characteristic and the direction of development, and points out the important role and status in the present technical level. On the basis of the "method of least differences" and "method of average truefalse" of "classical psychological physics" it analyzed "Europe EN13725 standard method" and "triangle odour bag method", and obain these two method's feature. Classical physics is classic research technique formed in one hundred years development of scientific psychology.Among them, method of least differences is a method to compare the "standard stimulus" applied to human sensory and the "reference stimulus" to get sensory threshold method of average truefalse is a test method to adjust reference stimulus and compare it with standard stimulus,using the theory of sensory threshold near zero,When the average results of reference stimulus stimulate approximate to zero,use the delution of nearing no stimulus and the delution of least stimulus as absolute threshold. In Europe, the "standard stimulus" used for Olfactory Discrimination test is the odor standard samples,in our country,we don't have any ordor standard samples,still using sensory threshold theory to do ordor test.According to smelling distinguishes member assessment experience of many years, this paper concludes the distribution features of the smell threshold, and puts forward the preparation method of the standard sample of odour and the view of training smell distinguishes member and excavating human potential to improve the recognition ability of environmental pollution of odour, in order to further understand the odour monitoring standards.